"Mycobacterium wolinskyi" is clearly clinically significant, and occurs in the same settings as "Mycobacterium smegmatis" and members of the "Mycobacterium fortuitum" complex; they differ from members of the "Mycobacterium fortuitum" complex in the type of chronic lung disease they produce, with essentially all cases occurring in the setting of chronic lipoid pneumonia, either secondary to chronic oil ingestion or chronic aspiration (usually achalasia).