 In November 1917 he joined the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.Following the establishment of Narkomnats in June 1917, Sultan-Galiev was asked to become head of the Muslim section.In January 1918 the Central Commissariat of Muslim affairs in Inner Russia and Siberia (Muskom), was set up under the chairmanship of Waxitov, with Sultan-Galiev as representative of the Russian Communist Party.