 It is as if the musician has learned that entire freedom is not an answer to expression, that the player needs boundaries, bases, from which to explore.Tanner, Gerow and Megill name Miles Davis, Cecil Taylor, John Klemmer, Keith Jarrett, Chick Corea, Pharoah Sanders, McCoy Tyner, Alice Coltrane, Wayne Shorter, Anthony Braxton, Don Cherry, and Sun Ra as musicians who have employed this approach.Canadian artist Stan Douglas uses free jazz as a direct response to complex attitudes towards African-American music.