 According to Söhnen-Thieme, the usage of the words "violated" and "renowned" indicates that Ahalya is not considered an adulteress.The "Puranas" introduce themes that are echoed in later works, including the deception of the unsuspecting Ahalya by Indra's devious disguise as Gautama in his absence.The "Padma Purana" states that after Gautama leaves for his ritual bath, Indra masquerades as Gautama and asks Ahalya to satisfy him.