 Those objecting to the Code Duello included such luminaries as Benjamin Franklin and Queen Victoria in whose day and realm the duel was already nearly extinct.Pugilism had been growing in popularity and technique in Venice since 12th century, and in England since 1615, when a London armsmaster began offering public lessons in fisticuffs to the gentry.After many years, and several attempts by other men to write acceptable rules, John Graham Chambers wrote the "Marquess of Queensberry rules" in 1865.