 The 1935 and 1945 comprehensive volumes of Felix Eugen Fritsch consolidated what was then known about the morphology and reproduction of the algae.This was followed in the 1950s by the development of area checklists, led by Mary W. Parke with her 1931 "Manx Algae" and followed in 1953 by her "A preliminary check-list of British marine algae" Although Lily Newton's 1931 "Handbook" provided the first identification key for the algae of the British Isles, it wasn't until the 1960s that the development of such keys became routine.The 1980s with the new emphasis on ecology saw increased study of algal communities, and the place of algae in larger plant communities, and provided an additional tool for explaining geographical variation.