 However those changes also made the costs per person of the Part C program variable (whereas during the demonstration projects and under BBA the cost was 95% of the FFS cost per person).This new benchmark/framework/competitive-bidding process lead to the costs per person of a beneficiary on Part C being higher than the costs per person of a person on just A and/or B (an unfair comparison given that a Part C beneficiary must be on both A and B but that is the way it was done) each year from 2006 to 2011.In addition it turned out through deeper investigation by MedPAC, the arm of Congress that researches Medicare (see any MedPAC report on Medicare Advantage, 2014-2018) and CMS that the disconnect with the original goal of Part C (to cost the Trust Funds the sames as or less per person) was primarily caused by so-called Private Fee for Service (PFFS) plans (designed primarily for the rural and urban poor) introduced in 2003, special needs plans (SNPs), and Multiple Employer Group plans (which primarily served retired union members).