 This may be perceived as the "end of antiquity," and the beginning of the "Middle Byzantine" era.This was also the era of Iconoclasm (717–843) and of the origin of the Holy Roman Empire (800).Under the Macedonian Dynasty (10th–11th centuries) Byzantium regained power against the Islamic and Bulgarian states, but the death of Emperor Basil II marked a turning point, with Byzantine power in Asia Minor and southern Italy suffering from the Battle of Manzikert (1071) and the rise of the Normans, respectively.