 His first summer trip through the Panhandle in 1903 resulted in Water Supply Paper 154 of the United States Geological Survey, "Geology and Water Resources of the Eastern Portion of the Panhandle of Texas", and a similar trip in 1905 resulted in Water Supply Paper 191, "Geology and Water Resources of the Western Portion of the Panhandle of Texas".It was during this second trip Gould "explored and prepared a geological map of Palo Duro Canyon...giving names to the formations" and "studied the anticlines along the Canadian River, indications of which he saw in 1903.In 1908, Gould became director of the Oklahoma Geological Survey and in 1916 was asked by "M.C.