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In 2011, Penn Schoen Berland conducted research about interest in encore careers.The research – which included a nationally representative telephone survey of 930 Americans ages 44 to 70 and an online survey of 1,408 Americans ages 44 to 70 – found that as many as 9 million Americans in that age range are in encore careers and another 31 million Americans want encore careers.Those in encore careers, on average, started to think about their encores at age 50 and took about 18 months to make the transition.