 By 1167 the scholar Benjamin of Tudela wrote that al-Qadmus served as the principal seat of the Assassins.Although details are few, al-Qadmus changed hands between the Assassins and the Crusaders a few more times, before being firmly under the control of the former.Al-Qadmus was captured and annexed to the Mamluk Sultanate by Baibars in 1273.