 Chel White began making independent short films after college, starting with a drawn-on-film animation titled "Metal Dogs of India" (1985).In 1991, White completed "Choreography for Copy Machine (Photocopy Cha Cha)", an animated film created solely by using the unique photographic capabilities of a photocopier to generate sequential pictures of hands, faces, and other body parts.The film is widely considered the first noteworthy animated film using this technique.