 Although he offered no comment himself, the work of Walter William Skeat made it apparent to students for the first time that there was a gap during the 13th and 14th centuries when no verse was written using an alliterative stave.By 1889 the philologist ten Brink spoke of a "revival of alliterative poetry" in the later 14th century, and the term was in routine use by the early 20th century.The concept was further developed by scholars such as Israel Gollancz, James R. Hulbert, and J. P. Oakden; their work enshrined a regionally based, nativist formulation of alliterative poetry which argued it expressed selfconsciously 'English' and archaic modes, recovered from previous centuries, in opposition to the French-influenced court poetry of the south and east of England.