 Postdoctoral training at Stanford University (1963–1965).In the late 1960s, he applied the emerging concepts and experimental techniques of the new cognitive psychology to study children's reading.In 1974 he joined Haskins Laboratories, where he collaborated with Isabelle Liberman, Donald Shankweiler, and others in the Haskins program that studied the relationships between speech and reading, particularly the idea that phonological awareness of speech is instrumental in developing skilled reading.