 The graphite-containing aluminum has a lower friction coefficient and wear rate, and does not seize under boundary lubrication.The liner is cast in a single step using the centrifugal casting process to concentrate graphite particles near the inner periphery where they are needed to provide solid lubrication[6,7].Aluminum-graphite pistons and liners were tested in gas and diesel engines and in race cars, resulting in reduced friction coefficients and wear rates.