 As most of the structures on the citadel underwent considerable rebuilding during the reign of Tudhaliya IV (c. 1237–1209 BCE), it is usually dated to the 13th century BCE.Kapara, king of the Hittite kingdom of Bit Bahiani in the 10th or 9th century BCE, built himself a palace of this style in his capital at Guzana (Tell Halaf).The palace, with a rich decoration of statues and relief orthostats, was excavated by Max von Oppenheim in 1911.