 Jewish communities existed in Romanian territory in the 2nd century AD.Minimal until the 18th century, the size of the Jewish population increased after around 1850, and more especially after the establishment of "Greater Romania" in the aftermath of World War I.A diverse community, albeit an overwhelmingly urban one, Jews were a target of religious persecution and racism in Romanian society – from the late-19th century debate over the "Jewish Question" and the Jewish residents' right to citizenship, to the genocide carried out in the lands of Romania as part of the Holocaust.