 His attempts to get financial assistance from various bankers such as Nucingen, the Keller brothers and Gigonnet (all recurring characters in "La Comédie humaine") fail, since all are friends of du Tillet and acting on his instructions.This leads him to declare bankruptcy, sell La Reine des Roses to his assistant Celestin Crevel and retire from business.Eventually César pays off all of his debts when his business venture with Popinot succeeds.