 In general, for carbohydrate based FSLs insertion into red blood cells, incubation for 4 hours at room temperature or 20 hours at 4 °C are similar to one hour at 37 °C .The resultant kodecytes do not required to be washed, however this option should be considered if an excess of FSL construct is used in the koding process.Kodecytes can also be created "in vivo" by injection of constructs directly into the circulation.