 The first was established in Jerusalem during the Ottoman era, two were journals of the Irgun, whilst the fourth was owned by the Herut political party founded by former Irgun members.In 1909 a weekly newspaper by the name of "Ha-Herut" was established in 1909 by Avraham Elmalih, later a member of the Knesset for the Sephardim and Oriental Communities party.Initially edited by Haim Ben-Atar, it was considered to be the mouthpiece of the city's Sephardi community.