 Participants emitting at above rationed levels must pay those below it in national currency.Norfolk Island, Australia is in the process of implementing an island-wide voluntary personal carbon trading scheme designed by Southern Cross University Professor Garry Egger,

A community based emissions reduction currency scheme is a C4 type local currency in which local currency issues are backed by the emissions reductions of the schemes members.The local currency, when accepted for trade by other members or local businesses, thereby rewards participants for their efforts at global warming prevention.