 "Fu" can be on various topics and themes, although each individual piece is strictly limited in its explicit focus.Typical subjects of "fu" tend to be an exotic object or creature (such as a parrot), a well-known object or creature but which is shown in a new and boldly impressive way to the reader (such as an owl), the majesty and luxury of noble rulers (such as the royal hunt), and the ""fu" of discontent", that is, the frustrations experienced by a scholar (such as not being properly rewarded and appreciated by royal patronage despite great talent and true loyalty).The use of poetic indirection is a key feature of "fu".