 In 1960, Ian Playfair, in volume III of "History of the Second World War, "The Mediterranean and Middle East", the official British campaign history, wrote that the destruction of the Duisburg (BETA) Convoy was a severe blow to the Axis forces in Cyrenaica.Some supplies arrived in ships sailing alone or in pairs, more journeys were undertaken by submarine and fuel was carried by warships.Fewer convoys with more escorts and air cover were planned and four convoys sailed on 20 November.