 In 2009, Vincent O'Hara wrote that the destruction of the Duisburg (BETA) Convoy was "one of the most brilliant British naval surface victories of the war" in which the British demonstrated better tactical ability, equipment and leadership, combined with luck, surprise and Italian incompetence.The Germans were outraged and wanted to foist German naval officers onto "Supermarina" and even Italian ships.Grand Admiral Erich Raeder told Hitler that

"Supermarina" tried smaller, dispersed and convoys, sailing at the same time, to mislead the British but their code breakers exposed the ruse.