 The military casualties were published in the book "", but the post-war partitioning of the Ottoman Empire made the estimation of the total civilian casualties harder.Also, it was not a novelty in world history to see from time to time people forced to move from one region to another, be it in the form of refugees, of population transfer, or of search for political asylum, but World War I and its aftermath caused migrations at unprecedented large scales, including the Ottoman Empire citizens.If looked at without breakdowns, the total Ottoman losses run almost as high as 25% of the population – approximately 5 million out of population of 21 million.