 In 1988, he obtained MA in Economics (Diplôme d’Etudes Approfondies) at "Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales", with thesis on the "effects of real exchange rate instability on growth in emerging countries".With two scholarships given, in 1991 he graduated from the J.F.Kennedy School of Government, at Harvard University, where he obtained MPA (Master of Public Administration) title.