 This number was augmented by approximately 5,000 former guerrillas from the "Army of Liberation".About 2,000 French officers and NCOs remained in Morocco on short term contracts, until crash training programmes at the military academies of Saint-Cyr, Toledo and Dar al Bayda produced sufficient numbers of Moroccan commissioned officers.The first wars that Moroccan troops have taken part in the 20th century as an independent country were the Ifni War and Sand War.