 While several Soviet filmmakers, such as Lev Kuleshov, Dziga Vertov, Esfir Shub and Vsevolod Pudovkin put forth explanations of what constitutes the montage effect, Eisenstein's view that "montage is an idea that arises from the collision of independent shots" wherein "each sequential element is perceived not "next" to the other, but on "top" of the other" has become most widely accepted.The production of films—how and under what conditions they are made—was of crucial importance to Soviet leadership and filmmakers.Films that focused on individuals rather than masses were deemed counterrevolutionary, but not exclusively so.