 A different wire-crossing technique, which makes fabrication of QCA devices more practical, was presented by Christopher Graunke, David Wheeler, Douglas Tougaw, and Jeffrey D. Will, in their paper “Implementation of a crossbar network using quantum-dot cellular automata”.The paper not only presents a new method of implementing wire-crossings, but it also gives a new perspective on QCA clocking.Their wire-crossing technique introduces the concept of implementing QCA devices capable of performing computation as a function of synchronization.