 Commonly used approaches include checksum offloading, TCP segmentation and reassembly offloading, DMA offloading, ACK pacing, TCP transparent proxies in two or more middleboxes, and TCP offload engines.TCP transparent proxies involve breaking up of long end-to-end control loops to several smaller control loops by intercepting and relaying TCP connections within the network.By adopting this procedure, they allow for the TCP flows to have a shorter reaction time to packet losses which may occur within the network and thus guarantees a higher throughput.