 the development of a mixed economy in China, like that advocated by the Social Democratic Party of Germany under Philipp Scheidemann.Equipped with the traditional Confucian degree of "xiucai" or "accomplished scholar", Zhang went on to study at Waseda University in Japan where he came under the influence of Liang Qichao's theory of constitutional monarchy.In 1918 he accompanied Liang's tour of post-war Europe, later going to Germany to study philosophy for a short time at Berlin University.