 An estimate carried out by Friends of the Earth-Amazonia (), the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE) and the University of Brasília concluded that fully half came from cattle.If all parts of the "cattle chain" had been included, the researchers add, an even higher proportion of greenhouse gases would have been attributed to cattle.Cattle and soy production are concentrated in the Legal Amazon and Cerrado grasslands regions, and have resulted in considerable biodiversity loss, deforestation and water pollution.