 Ramanuja, a Vaishnavite acharya, may have confused the Kalamukha with the Kapalikas in his "Sri Bhasya" work, in which he noted them as eating from a skull and keeping wine.Such practices were common for the Kapalikas but are atypical for the Kalamukhas.His writings may have been coloured by his experienced of being a member of a different school and being forced by the Kalamukhas and other Shavites to leave his native Tamil Nadu.