 Queen Euphemia represented the emerging chivalric culture.Queen Euphemia, who was eager to cultivate continental culture within the Nordic courts, had translations made of three French and German twelfth-century chivalric romances in verse and sent copies to the Swedish court.The three ballads were titled "Herr Ivan lejonriddaren" (1303), "Hertig Fredrik av Normandie" (1301 or 1308) and "Flores och Blanzeflor" (probably 1312).