 It was developed by Owen Rubin with some levels designed and tuned by Mark Cerny, who joined the development team approximately a year into the game's development.The game was initially released as a dedicated cabinet in 1983 and then one year later as a conversion kit for older vector arcade games like "Tempest".Dedicated versions of the game used a roller control for left-right movement, while conversion kits used their native controller hardware, such as the "Tempest" rotary spinner knob.