 In 2011, a research team from the Berkeley-based International Computer Science Institute revealed that technology from Paxfire was also used by several US ISPs to redirect valid search engine queries for certain well-known brand names to an online marketing company.Paxfire customers are telephone and cable TV companies, and traditional ISPs both in the United States and other countries.Paxfire is under non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) that prohibit the company from releasing a list of all participating ISPs.