 Papal historian John Pollard argues that the encyclical's prohibition on usury contributed to the dependence of the Holy See upon Jewish bankers like James de Rothschild.The text of the encyclical was destroyed in several countries.In France, the ban on usury persisted until the French Revolution of 1789, the same year in which Turgot's "Mémoire sur les prets d'argent", a defense of usury, was allowed to be published.