 Collier introduced what became known as the Indian New Deal with Congress' passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.It was one of the most influential and lasting pieces of legislation relating to federal Indian policy.Also known as the Wheeler–Howard Act, this legislation reversed fifty years of assimilation policies by emphasizing Indian self-determination and a return of communal Indian land, which was in direct contrast with the objectives of the Indian General Allotment Act of 1887.