 In 952, Carniola was placed under the authority of the Dukes of Bavaria, as were Carinthia, Istria, and Friuli.In 976, Emperor Otto II deposed the rebellious Bavarian duke Henry the Wrangler and ceded the duchy to his nephew Otto of Swabia.In turn, he separated the southeastern marches from the Bavarian duchy and elevated Carinthia to a duchy in its own right.