 From rostral to caudal, these networks include the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group complex (RTN/pFRG), the Bötzinger complex, the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC), the rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG), and the caudal VRG (cVRG).The dorsal pons, including the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus and the parabrachial complex, play an important role in respiratory control and rhythm generation.Other areas that aid in breathing control are the cerebellum, neocortex, and the periaqueductal gray (speech and breathing).