 Pangeran Ratu reigned during a prosperous trading time, from which his empire gained considerable wealth; however it was also a period of increasing European influence in Western Java.In 1603, the first permanent trading post of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was established in Banten, and in 1602 the English were also given a trading post there.Jayakarta (modern Jakarta) was then a vassal of Banten, which both the English and Dutch sought for its natural harbor.