 Ultimately, for Miller, there is a convergence of historical study and political action.Scholarship and citizenship are two sides of the same coin in that they are two facets of an active and responsible life—i.e., understanding and then engaging with conditions of one’s endeavors.While retirement did eventuate in the publication of "The Paradox of Cause", Miller passed his latter years quietly, conducting philosophy in the form of conversation and correspondence much as he had during his teaching career.