 Higher plasma levels of human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (hCAP18) appear to significantly reduce the risk of death from infection in dialysis patients.Patients with a high level of this protein were 3.7 times more likely to survive kidney dialysis for a year without a fatal infection.The production of cathelicidin is up-regulated by Vitamin D.

SAAP-148 (a synthetic antimicrobial and antibiofilm peptide) is a modified version of LL-37 that has enhanced antimicrobial activities compared to LL-37.