 The study describes highly diagnostic traits with a very rare combination found in certain ancient and modern populations of the Caspian–Aral region and in the northern Indus–Ganges interfluve.A Parthian woolen cloth in the grave indicates that the woman was of northwestern Indian origin associated with the Parthian culture.The finds suggest that at the beginning of the Common Era, peoples of Parthian origin were incorporated within Xiongnu society.