 In addition, courts are able to apply a standard of reasonableness to discretionary decision making.Administrative tribunals must be free from an appearance of bias - that is, a reasonable person must conclude that an administrative decision-maker is sufficiently free of factors that could interfere with his or her ability to make impartial judgments (commonly known as the "reasonable apprehension of bias" test) This is derived from the natural justice principle of "nemo judex in sua causa", or the right to be judged impartially.Independence is one important indicator of whether there is an appearance of bias in an administrative body.