 Many heads of gnostic schools were identified as Jewish Christians by Church Fathers, and Hebrew words and names of God were applied in some gnostic systems.The cosmogonic speculations among Christian Gnostics had partial origins in Maaseh Bereshit and "Maaseh Merkabah".This thesis is most notably put forward by Gershom Scholem (1897–1982) and Gilles Quispel (1916–2006).