 During the Porfiriato (1876-1911), Díaz promoted order and progress, suppressing violence, modernizing the economy, and inviting an inflow of foreign investment, while maintaining the liberal constitution of 1857, but he reneged on his promise to step down from power in 1910, leading to widespread protests and violence.The outbreak of the Mexican Revolution in 1910 initiated a chaotic period of civil war that lasted until 1920.Wealthy estate-owner Francisco I. Madero united groups opposed to Díaz, including liberal intellectuals, industrial labor activists and peasants seeking land.