 legislation banning FGM had been passed in 33 countries outside Africa and the Middle East.In the United States an estimated 513,000 women and girls had experienced FGM or were at risk as of 2012.A Nigerian woman successfully contested deportation in March 1994, asking for "cultural asylum" on the grounds that her young daughters (who were American citizens) might be cut if she brought them to Nigeria, and in 1996 Fauziya Kasinga from Togo became the first to be officially granted asylum to escape FGM.