 In 1693, Leibniz described a design of a machine which could, in theory, integrate differential equations, which he called "integraph".Leibniz was groping towards hardware and software concepts worked out much later by Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace.In 1679, while mulling over his binary arithmetic, Leibniz imagined a machine in which binary numbers were represented by marbles, governed by a rudimentary sort of punched cards.