 The discord between conflicting visions of Mauritanian society as either black or Arab, again rose to the surface during the inter-communal violence that broke out in April 1989 (the "1989 Events"), when a Mauritania–Senegal border dispute escalated into violence between the two communities.Tens of thousands of black Mauritanians fled or were expelled from the country, and many remain in Senegal as refugees.This is also where the black Mauritanian movement FLAM is based.