 Several pedagogical poems dealt exclusively with finger counting, some of which were translated into European languages, including a short poem by Shamsuddeen Al-Mawsili (translated into French by Aristide Marre) and one by Abul-Hasan Al-Maghribi (translated into German by Julius Ruska.A very similar form is presented by the English monk and historian Bede in the first chapter of his "De temporum ratione," (725), entitled "Tractatus de computo, vel loquela per gestum digitorum", which allowed counting up to 9,999 on two hands, though it was apparently little-used for numbers of 100 or more.This system remained in use through the European Middle Ages, being presented in slightly modified form by Luca Pacioli in his seminal "Summa de arithmetica" (1494).