 The relationship between the reigning emperor, empress and Ceres was formalised in titles such as Augusta mater agrorum ("The august mother of the fields) and "Ceres Augusta".On coinage, various emperors and empresses wear her "corona spicea", showing that the goddess, the emperor and his spouse are conjointly responsible for agricultural prosperity and the all-important provision of grain.A coin of Nerva (reigned AD 96–98) acknowledges Rome's dependence on the princeps' gift of "frumentio" (corn dole) to the masses.