 In fact, his reign initiated the political disintegration of the Abbasid caliphate.Syria was inhabited by tribes with Umayyad sympathies and remained the bitter enemy of the Abbasids, while Egypt witnessed uprisings against Abbasids due to maladministration and arbitrary taxation.The Umayyads had been established in Spain in 755, the Idrisids in Morocco in 788, and the "Aghlabids" in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) in 800.