 César Portillo de la Luz wrote "Oh, valeroso Viet Nam".Institutions like the Grupo de Experimentación Sonora del ICAIC (GES) while not directly working in nueva trova, provided valuable musical training to amateur Cuban artists.In 1972, the Cuban government officially institutionalized the music in the Movimiento de la Nueva Trova, a membership-based organization that organized and regulated every facet of nueva trova including access to education and musical resources, performance venues, and financial benefits.