 The El Niño southern climate oscillation (ENSO) can displace the northern hemisphere subtropical ridge, with La Niñas allowing for a more northerly axis for the ridge, while El Niños show flatter, more southerly ridges.The change of the ridge position during ENSO cycles changes the tracks of tropical cyclones that form around their equatorward and western peripheries.As the subtropical ridge varies in position and strength, it can enhance or depress monsoon regimes around their low-latitude periphery.