 Growth and leaf responses of container-grown `Arkin' carambola ("Averrhoa carambola" L.) trees to long-term exposure of 25%, 50%, or 100% sunlight showed that shading increased rachis length and leaflet area, decreased leaflet thickness, and produced more horizontal branch orientation.Major pests are carambola fruit flies, fruit moths, ants, and birds.Crops are also susceptible to frost.