 Lefebvre proposed to his seminarians the establishment of a society of priests without vows.In November 1970, Bishop François Charrière of Fribourg established, on a provisional ("ad experimentum") basis for six years, the International Priestly Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) as a "pious union".In November 1972, the bishops of France, gathered as the Plenary Assembly of French Bishops at Lourdes, whose theological outlook was quite different from Lefebvre's, treated the then-legal Écône seminary with suspicion and referred to it as "Séminaire sauvage" or "Outlaw Seminary".