 However while Zoroastrianism existed only in the eastern and southern Arabia, the existence of Manichaeism in Mecca in the 6th- and 7th century is refuted.Similar reservations regarding the appearance of Manichaeism, Gnosticism and Mazdakism in pre-islamic Mecca are offered by Trompf & Mikkelsen et al in their latest work (2018).Most Islamic traditions, save for a few, categorically deny that Jesus physically died, either on a cross or another manner.