 ARPANET evolved into the Internet following the publication of the first Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) specification, ("Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program"), written by Vint Cerf, Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine in 1974.This became the foundation of Usenet, conceived by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis in 1979 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University, and established in 1980.A precursor of the electronic bulletin board system (BBS), known as Community Memory, had already appeared by 1973.