 Damian Domingo, a Chinese mestizo, established in 1823 a fine arts school known as the "Academia de Dibujo y Pintura", which is now the Fine Arts College of the University of the Philippines.In 1868, Doña Margarita Roxas de Ayala, also of Chinese mestizo ancestry, established the girls' school "La Concordia".The defeat of Spain following the Spanish–American War led to the short-lived Philippine Independence movement, which established the insurgent First Philippine Republic.