 Butmi edited and/or published the Russian language editions of the Protocols of the wise men of Zion, in 1906, and 1907, respectively, after the Pavel Krushevan 1903 and Sergei Nilus 1905 editions.The first edition was published by Pavel A. Krushevan in Znamya in 1903; it has come to be known as the "shorter version.