 In the academic literature, redlining falls under the broader category of credit rationing.In a 2001 book entitled "Housing Discrimination and Residential Segregation as Causes of Poverty", author John Yinger asserted that when applying for a home mortgage, African-American and Hispanic customers are 82% more likely to be turned down for a loan than were white customers.Black renters also favored a 10.7 percent chance of being totally excluded from housing made available to comparable white renters and a 23.3 percent chance of learning about fewer apartments.