 While e-cigarettes contain lower levels of carcinogens than cigarettes, they still expose the user to ultrafine particles and other toxins that can increase risk of chronic disease.Many post-secondary institutions in North America implement anti-smoking programs, exemplified by around 2000 smoke-free college sites in the United States and at least 65 in Canada.Many of these programs are expanded to all tobacco products, and aim to reduce student exposure to second-hand smoke, discourage use of tobacco products, and eliminate litter created by cigarette butts.