 Many species of red-bodied swallowtails show aposematism, and serve as models for Batesian mimicry.The biology of "Pachliopta hector" and "Pachliopta aristolochiae" are well studied.Species limits may be either narrow (many species - forma and subspecies raised to full or "good" species) or broad (fewer species - rank reduction) see Jürgen Haffer for a discussion.