 The close relationship between the two disciplines is reflected in the title of the first standard introductory book to the field; the "Textbook of Transpersonal Psychiatry and Psychology", which was published by Basic Books in 1996.In the textbook Scotton provided an "Introduction and definition of Transpersonal psychiatry" and stated that "Transpersonal psychiatry is a psychiatry that seeks to foster development, correct developmental arrests, and heal traumas at all levels of development, including transpersonal levels.It extends the standard biopsychosocial model of psychiatry to a biopsychosocial-spiritiual one in which the later stages of human development are concerned with development beyond, or transcendent of, the individual".