 In 1783, Johann Gottlob Schneider classified all giant tortoises as "Testudo indica" ("Indian tortoise").In 1812, August Friedrich Schweigger named them "Testudo gigantea" ("gigantic tortoise").In 1834, André Marie Constant Duméril and Gabriel Bibron classified the Galápagos tortoises as a separate species, which they named "Testudo nigrita" ("black tortoise").