 The "White Paper" also prompted the inception of a number of emergency medical service (EMS) pilot units across the US including paramedic programs.The success of these units led to a rapid transition to make them fully operational.New York City's Saint Vincent's Hospital developed the United States' first Mobile Coronary Care Unit (MCCU) under the medical direction of William Grace, MD, and based on Frank Pantridge's MCCU project in Belfast, Northern Ireland.