 Recording for "Rubber Soul" began on 12 October 1965 at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios), with final production and mix down taking place on 15 November.During the sessions, the Beatles typically focused on fine-tuning the musical arrangement for each song, an approach that reflected the growing division between the band as a live act and their ambitions as recording artists.The album was one of the first projects that Martin undertook after leaving EMI's staff and co-founding Associated Independent Recording (AIR).