 In 19th century England, these stores were known as emporia or warehouse shops.A number of major department stores opened across the USA, Britain and Europe from the mid nineteenth century including; Harrod's of London in 1834; Kendall's in Manchester in 1836; Selfridges of London in 1909; Macy's of New York in 1858; Bloomingdale's in 1861; Sak's in 1867; J.C. Penney in 1902; Le Bon Marché of France in 1852 and Galeries Lafayette of France in 1905.The first reliably dated department store to be established, was Harding, Howell & Co, which opened in 1796 on Pall Mall, London.