 Ship building and repair enterprises and related equipment manufacturers formerly owned by CSSC in areas of Dalian, Tianjin, Wuhan, Kunming and Xi’an, together with majority of the institutes under China Ship Research & Development Academy, formed China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC), which was founded on 1 July 1999 in Beijing.This was part of the overall State Council initiative of 1 July 1999, under which the Chinese government split the top five Defense and Technology Corporations into ten new enterprises.These corporations are all large State-owned enterprises (SOEs) under direct supervision of the State Council.