 The Portuguese were the first Europeans to attempt to dominate the spice trade from the 16th century, but were replaced by the Dutch.Initially, the Dutch established friendly relations and a trading outpost in 1599, but in 1609 the "Orang Kaya" on Banda Neira rebelled against Dutch attempts to coerce a monopoly on the spice trade, killing 30 Netherlanders.This resulted in a brutal campaign against the people of Banda Islands by the Dutch.