 As a result, the Romanian intelligentsia in Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia had to seek political empowerment by itself, exchanging methods and tactics with each other.Transylvanian newspapers in Romanian, such as "Ardealul" of Onisifor Ghibu were widespread in Bessarabia before World War I, where local newspapers such as "Cuvânt moldovenesc" and "Viața Basarabiei", although not completely outlawed, were targets of Russian authorities.With the overall recruitment for World War I, many representatives of Romanian intelligentsia found themselves as low-rank officers in Austrian and Russian armies.