 According to Michael Barkun, Icke's reliance on the "Protocols" in "The Robots' Rebellion" is "the first of a number of instances in which Icke moves into the dangerous terrain of antisemitism".Icke took both the extraterrestrial angle and the focus on the "Protocols" from "Behold a Pale Horse" (1991) by Milton William Cooper, who was associated with the American militia movement; chapter 15 of Cooper's book reproduces the "Protocols" in full.