 During industrialisation, many Germans from the countryside moved to large industrial cities and a large number of Poles came to German cities to work as well.The Polish population was pushed by Germanisation to rural villages, although some remained in the town contributed to the economic revival of the city.A Polish church remained functional until 1809 and a Polish craftsmen association ("Towarzystwo Polskich Rzemieślników") was established by Kazimierz Lisowski in 1898; it existed till 1935 when Lisowski was murdered by the Gestapo.