 The Jamaican Marcus Garvey formed the UNIA movement in the United States, continuing with Aimé Césaire's négritude movement, which was intended to create a pan-African movement across national lines.From the 1960s, the former slave populations in the Caribbean began to win their independence from British colonial rule.They were pre-eminent in creating new cultural forms such as calypso, reggae music, and rastafarianism within the Caribbean.