 In 2015, a meta-analysis found that smokers were at greater risk of developing psychotic illness.Tobacco has also been described an anaphrodisiac due to its propensity for causing erectile dysfunction.Famous smokers of the past used cigarettes or pipes as part of their image, such as Jean-Paul Sartre's Gauloises-brand cigarettes; Albert Einstein's, Douglas MacArthur's, Bertrand Russell's, and Bing Crosby's pipes; or the news broadcaster Edward R. Murrow's cigarette.