 R. J. Rummel, an analyst of political killings, estimated that Soviet forces were responsible for 250,000 democidal killings during the war and that the government of Afghanistan was responsible for 178,000 democidal killings.There were also a number of reports of large scale executions of hundreds of civilians by Soviet and DRA soldiers.Noor Ahmed Khalidi calculated that 876,825 Afghans were killed during the Soviet invasion.