 Ward Churchill's essay "On the Justice of Roosting Chickens" is an example of this kind of analysis from an author sympathetic to inversion.Attaching positive values to an essence of the oppressed, as in some black-consciousness and Afrocentric ideas, would also be an instance of inversion, especially to critics.Edward Said argues against this inversion, suggesting that "in Post-colonial national states, the liabilities of such essences as the Celtic spirit, négritude, or Islam are clear