 The history of "poetic objects" may be traced back to the Dada productions of Marcel Duchamp and Kurt Schwitters, and to the surrealistic boxes of Joseph Cornell (among others), as well as Fluxus objects and editions, but an even older tradition of charms, talismans, Gnostic gems, seals, and fetishistic objects exists.A further tradition exists in the use and exploration of braille in the creation of literary texts.Yet another and more recent tradition that feeds into the idea of "poetic objects" is the creation of artist's books.