 Pre-dispersal seed predation takes place when seeds are removed from the parent plant before dispersal, and it has been most often reported in invertebrates, birds, and in granivorous rodents that clip fruits directly from trees and herbaceous plants.Post-dispersal seed predation arises once seeds have been released from the parent plant.Birds, rodents, and ants are known to be among the most pervasive postdispersal seed predators.