 Socio-cognitive research is human factor and socio-organizational factor based, and assumes an integrated knowledge engineering, environment and business modeling perspective, therefore it is not "social cognition" which rather is a branch of psychology focused on "how people process social information".Socio-cognitive engineering (SCE) includes a set of theoretical interdisciplinary frameworks, methodologies, methods and software tools for the design of human centred technologies, as well as, for the improvement of large complex human-technology systems.Both above approaches are applicable for the identification and design of a computer-based semi-/proto-Intelligent Decision Support Systems (IDSS), for the operators and managers of large socially critical systems, for high-risk tasks, such as different types of emergency and disaster management, where human errors and socio-cognitive organization vulnerability can be the cause of serious losses.