 One of the basic premises behind the founding of these clubs was Jewish Nationalism, and specifically "Muscular Judaism".The concept was that Jews were not only a religious entity, but also one based on a common historical and social background, having special cultural and psychological concepts that have been preserved to this day, resulting in a strong recognition of collective belonging.At Krakow, Poland there was during the interwar period a deep animosity between the locally based "Makkabi Kraków" club and the rival Jewish club Jutrzenka Krakow, associated with the Bund political party.