 In the 1881 census and thereafter, colonial ethnographers used caste ("jati") headings, to count and classify people in what was then British India (now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Burma).The 1891 census included 60 sub-groups each subdivided into six occupational and racial categories, and the number increased in subsequent censuses.The British colonial era census caste tables, states Susan Bayly, "ranked, standardised and cross-referenced jati listings for Indians on principles similar to zoology and botanical classifications, aiming to establish who was superior to whom by virtue of their supposed purity, occupational origins and collective moral worth".