 Zia al-Din al-Barani's discussion, however, is not about non-Muslim castes, rather a declaration of the supremacy of "Ashraf" caste over "Ardhal" caste among the Muslims, justifying it in Quranic text, with "aristocratic birth and superior genealogy being the most important traits of a human".Irfan Habib, an Indian historian, states that Abu al-Fadl's "Ain-i Akbari" provides a historical record and census of the Jat peasant caste of Hindus in northern India, where the tax-collecting noble classes (Zamindars), the armed cavalry and infantry (warrior class) doubling up as the farming peasants (working class), were all of the same Jat caste in the 16th century.These occupationally diverse members from one caste served each other, writes Habib, either because of their reaction to taxation pressure of Muslim rulers or because they belonged to the same caste.