 TVO differs from total cost of ownership (TCO) in that TVO considers the benefits of alternative investments.It is a comparative measurement that evaluates the TCO "and" any additional benefits, such as the mobility of laptops when compared to desktop computers.As part of the publicly funded "Pfleg!E-mobil"  project, a Total Value-of-Ownership model was developed for the use of electric vehicles in outpatient care, which not only includes the relevant cost categories but also categories covering the potential benefits from using electric vehicles in outpatient care.