 There are several different "plural" markers, a complex system.The "demonstrative" (deictic) system is also complex, with numerous demonstratives which are distinguished according to several semantic traits, sensitive to whether the referent is visible or not, was witnessed previously by the speaker, is known only from reports or hearsay, or no longer exists.As mentioned, these contrasting semantic traits of the demonstratives play a role in inferring the "tense" of an utterance.