 In addition to studying under the two organisations, Hamka also further developed his views in regards to the hindrance of Islam's progress by Christianisation and communism.He also studied under many experts such as Bagoes Hadikoesoemo, HOS Tjokroaminoto, Abdul Rozak Fachruddin, and Suryopranoto.Before returning to Minangkabau, he visited Bandung and met with Masjumi leaders such as Ahmad Hassan and Mohammad Natsir, which gave him the opportunity to write in the magazine "Pembela Islam" ("Defenders of Islam").