 All populations of Anatolian buffalo studied had the non-conservative lysine mutation at 232, leading to the conclusion that this DGAT-1 allele mutation is fixed within the populations.The "Parnassius apollo" butterfly is classified as a threatened species, having many disjointed populations in Western Palaearctic region.The population in the Mosel Valley of Germany has been genetically characterized, and has shown to have six long-term monomorphic microsatellites.