 It was built by the Umayyads, became a Christian chapel under the Crusaders, was restored as an Islamic prayer house by the Ayyubids and has been renovated by the Mamluks, Ottomans and the Jordanian-based "waqf".Some architectural elements used as part of the structure date to pre-Islamic times, but it is widely accepted by both Arab and Western scholars that the Dome of the Chain was originally built in 691 by the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik.The Umayyad design of the building has largely remained unaltered by later restorations.