 The carbon cathode gets oxidized above +3.5 V v Li during charge, forming Li2CO3, which leads to an irreversible capacity loss.Most effort involved aprotic materials, which consist of a lithium metal anode, a liquid organic electrolyte and a porous carbon cathode.The electrolyte can be made of any organic liquid able to solvate lithium salts such as , , , and ), but typically consisted of carbonates, ethers and esters.