 In 1973, Peter Leins thought the pollen of "Gymnarrhena" too different from the Inuleae and proposed a position in the Cynareae tribe.John J. Skvarla, Billie Lee Turner, and their colleagues in 1977 agreed that "Gymnarrhena" has some traits in common with the Cynareae but a pollen type that cannot be found in the Inuleae tribe.Kåre Bremer in his 1994 book "Asteraceae