 The contribution of Charles Maurras and "Action Française" was decisive at the turn of the century, so that before 1914, French royalism seemed to be composed entirely of the "Action Française", loyal to the pretender "Philippe VIII," Duke of Orléans (son of "Philippe VII, Count of Paris").As the Duke of Orléans had little interest in politics and was a great traveler, he fully deferred discharge of his obligations to Charles Maurras and his followers.Succeeding the Duke of Orléans (d. 1926) was his cousin, the Duke of Guise ("John III").