 At a conference in 2008 and subsequent 2009 paper, Wolfe-Simon, Paul Davies and Ariel Anbar proposed that arsenate () could serve as a substitute for phosphate () in various forms of biochemistry.According to Paul Davies, Wolfe-Simon was the one who had the "critical insight" that arsenic might be able to substitute for phosphorus.As late as March 2010, she had been hinting of some shadow biosphere results to the press.