 In comparison to the north, classical-style slavery continued for a longer period of time in southern Europe and trade between Christian Europe, across the Mediterranean, with Islamic North Africa meant that Slavic and Christian Iberian slaves appeared in Italy, Spain, Southern France and Portugal; in the 8th century, the Islamic conquest in Portugal and Spain changed this pattern.Trade ties between the Moorish kingdoms and the North African Moorish state led to a greater flow of trade within those geographical areas.In addition, the Moors engaged sections of Spaniards and Portuguese Christians in slave labor.