 The possible provenance of the painting begins in 1533, with a "Judith" by Titian recorded in the collection of Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, a very important patron of Titian.No other surviving Titian painting seems to fit this record, so if it is not the painting now in Rome, it must be lost.In 1592 Duke Alfonso's granddaughter, Lucrezia d'Este (1535–1598) owned a painting described as a "Herodias" (Salome's mother).