 However, in 1990, the Ghana Education Service took over the awards of the above-mentioned certificates.As part of the Ghana Educational Reforms which began in the 1980s, the Takoradi Technical Institute and five other similar institutions were upgraded by the Polytechnic Act 321 (PNDC Law 1993) to become part of the Ghana Tertiary Education System.The Polytechnics, per the law, began to offer Higher National Diploma (HND) programmers in the 1993/1994 academic year.