 He ruled that TVCatchup's defence of relying on section 73 of the Copyright Design and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA88) was valid, allowing the service to retransmit "qualifying services", namely all BBC services, ITV1, Channel 4 and Channel 5, over the internet.However, he excluded retransmission of any other channels under these provisions as well as retransmission to 3G mobile devices.He referred to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) for guidance on some aspects of the case.