 He was repatriated to France because of ill-health in July 1812.He was ejected from the navy on the Bourbon Restoration due to his liberal views and started writing pamphlets, leading him into several stand-offs with the law, firstly at Brest in 1819 due to his writings in "La Guêpe", then at Rouen in 1823 in "La Nacelle".The latter forced him to become a sailor again, this time in the merchant navy.