 Freund's first experiment was a tragic failure; he applied x-rays to a naevus in order to induce epilation and a deep ulcer resulted, which resisted further treatment by radiation.The first successful treatment was by Schiff, working with Freund, in a case of lupus vulgaris.A year later, in 1897, the two published a report of their success and this provoked further experimentation in x-ray therapies.