 In the USA, for example, DMSs typically grew by taking
Outage Management Systems to the next level, automating the complete sequences and providing an end to end, integrated view of the entire distribution spectrum.In the UK, by contrast, the much denser and more meshed network topologies, combined with stronger Health & Safety regulation, had led to early centralisation of high-voltage switching operations, initially using paper records and schematic diagrams printed onto large wallboards which were 'dressed' with magnetic symbols to show the current running states.There, DMSs grew initially from SCADA systems as these were expanded to allow these centralised control and safety management procedures to be managed electronically.