 According to a UN report, the Chechen separatist forces included a large number of child soldiers, some as young as 11 and including females.As the territory controlled by them shrank, the separatists increasingly resorted to using classic guerrilla warfare tactics, such as setting booby traps and mining roads in enemy-held territory.The successful use of improvised explosive devices was particularly noteworthy; they also effectively exploited a combination of mines and ambushes.