 Shapur is mentioned many times in the Talmud, in which he is referred to in Jewish Aramaic as "Shabur Malka" (שבור מלכא), meaning "King Shabur".He had good relations with the Jewish community and was a friend of Shmuel, one of the most famous of the Babylonian "Amoraim", the Talmudic sages from among the important Jewish communities of Mesopotamia.Shapur's campaigns deprived the Roman Empire of resources while restoring and substantially enriching his own treasury, by deporting many Romans from conquered cities to Sasanian provinces like Khuzestan, Asuristan, and Pars.