 Some of these hit and either sank or damaged a number of ships, including warships offshore of amphibious landings on western Italy.These radio-controlled missiles were used successfully until the Allied navies developed missile countermeasures—principally radio jamming.The Allies also developed some of their own similar radio-guided AShMs, starting with the U.S. Navy's SWOD-9 Bat – the first autonomously-guided, radar-homing anti-ship weapon deployed worldwide, being deployed against the Japanese in April 1945 – but the Bat saw little use in combat, partly from its own late-war deployment date leaving few axis ships remaining as targets.