 Former COO of Ingeus Richard Johnson, writing in "The Guardian", argued that the tendering process for Work Programme contracts meant that those companies that submitted the cheapest tenders were successful, something that encouraged "parking and creaming".Those driven to submit the cheapest tenders did not have any other business outside of welfare to work and either secured Work Programme contracts or closed.Discounts on the base price of over 30% were offered by some bidders, but with the discounts kicking in during the later years of the contract - when the financial viability of the contracts could be at risk.