 The first native director, Bachtiar Effendi, made his debut in 1932 with the talkie "Njai Dasima"; another native director would not appear until Andjar Asmara and Rd Ariffien made their debuts in 1940.The directors active in the Indies came from various backgrounds.Some, like The Teng Chun, Fred Young, and the Wongs, had been interested in film since their youth.