 Other uses include those in engineering improvements to existing catalytic materials and processes and in developing new ones.In the context of organometallic catalysis, an "in situ" reaction involves the real-time measurement of a catalytic process using techniques such as mass spectrometry, NMR, infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography to help gain insight into functionality of the catalyst.Approximately 90% of industrial precursor chemicals are synthesized using catalysts.