 According to Carpentier, a substantial amount of this work was written but Varèse abandoned it in favour of a new treatment in which he hoped to collaborate with Antonin Artaud.Artaud's libretto "Il n'y a plus de firmament" was written for Varèse's project and sent to him after he had returned to the U.S., but by this time Varèse had turned to a second huge project.This second project was to be a choral symphony entitled "Espace".