 In 2014, researchers at Nanyang Technological University used a materials derived from a titanium dioxide gel derived from naturally spherical titanium dioxide particles into nanotubes
In addition, a non-naturally occurring electrochemically active titanate referred to as TiO2(B) can be made by ion-exchange followed by dehydration of the potassium titanate K2Ti4O9.This layered oxide can be produced in multiple forms including nanowires, nanotubes, or oblong particles with an observed capacity of 210 mAh/g in the voltage window 1.5-2.0V (vs Li).In 2011, Lu et al., reported reversible electrochemical activity in the porous niobate KNb5O13.