 Various forms of carbon are used in lithium-ion battery cell configurations.Besides graphite poorly or non-electrochemically active types of carbon are used in cells such as CNTs, carbon black, graphene, graphene oxides, or MWCNTs.Recent work includes efforts in 2014 by researchers at Northwestern University who found that metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) accommodate lithium much more efficiently than their semiconducting counterparts.