 This material inserted approximately 3.5Li per formula unit (about 125 mAh/g) at a voltage near 1.3V (vs Li).This lower voltage (compared to titantes) is useful in systems where higher energy density is desirable without significant SEI formation as it operates above the typical electrolyte breakdown voltage.In 2000, researchers from the Université de Picardie Jules Verne examined the use of nano-sized transition-metal oxides as conversion anode materials.