 This is made up of sections of actual wall, of trenches and of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers.While the Ming walls are generally referred to as "Great Wall" ("changcheng") in modern times, in Ming times they were called "border barriers" (邊牆; "bianqiang") by the Chinese, since the term "changcheng" was said to evoke imagery of the tyranny of Qin Shi Huang (260–210 BC) and was associated with the Qin Great Wall.In 1368, the Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang, r.136898) ousted the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty from China to inaugurate the Ming dynasty.