 In 2014, researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that creating high lithium content lithium-ion batteries materials with cation disorder among the electroactive metals could achieved 660 watt-hours per kilogram at 2.5 volts.The materials of the stoichiometry Li2MO3-LiMO2 are similar to the lithium rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) materials but without the cation ordering.The extra lithium creates better diffusion pathways and eliminates high energy transition points in the structure that inhibit lithium diffusion.