 Zhang directed about 150 films in his career, including "Laborer's Love" (1922), the earliest complete Chinese film that has survived; "Orphan Rescues Grandfather" (1923), one of the first Chinese box-office hits; "The Burning of the Red Lotus Temple" (1928), the first martial arts film; and "Sing-Song Girl Red Peony" (1931), China's first sound film.After the destruction of Mingxing's studio by Japanese bombing during the 1937 Battle of Shanghai, Zhang Shichuan made films for the China United Film Production Company (Zhonglian) in Japanese-occupied Shanghai, which led to accusations of treason after the surrender of Japan in 1945.He never recovered from the humiliation, and died in 1953 or 1954.