 Especially as the black press had been criticised for its lack of sufficient patriotism, hence they created the Double V Campaign to counter this and promote patriotism among African Americans; despite the hypocrisy of the US government.However, newspapers such as the Chicago Defender and Pittsburgh Courier also detailed discrimination and racism which African American troops were facing abroad during the war.Difficulty was therefore found in maintaining emphasis on the importance of African American involvement in the war at a time where discrimination was apparent both in conscription and the wartime labour force.