 Abubakr Imam Kagara is regarded as one of the fathers of modern Northern Nigerian literature, His works such as "Ruwan Bagaja" and "Magana Jari Ce", published in the 1930s, served as a bridge between the old Sudanic literary tradition and western ways.Others such as Yabo Lari and Muhammed Sule – author of "The Undesirable Element" – made equally important contributions in the 1960s.In the 1980s popular authors including Abubakar Gimba and Zaynab Alkali served to keep the North's literary tradition alive and distinct from the Nigerian south.