 The first horse market was established in 1475 near Rue Garancière and Rue de Tournon; it had the picturesque name of "Pré Crotté" (the "Field of horse turds").The second important business community in Paris were that of the artisans and craftsmen, who produced and sold goods of all kinds.They were organized into guilds, or corporations, that had strict rules and regulations to protect their members against competition and unemployment.