 Following the completion of his postgraduate studies in Montréal, Claude Ménard worked from 1966 to 1974 as professor of economic history at the Collège Edouard Montpetit in Montréal, while in parallel doing research at the Canadian Museum of History (former "Museum of Man") in Gatineau, Quebec.He then moved to Europe in 1974 when he accepted a research position at the University of Utrecht, which he quit in 1978 to become associate professor of economics at the .He then left Panthéon-Sorbonne after obtaining his Ph.D. in economics to become a full professor of economics at the University of Dijon in 1981, but returned to Panthéon-Sorbonne as a professor of economics in 1983, a position he still holds to this day.