 Thus, Deci & Ryan suggest that the effect of praise is moderated by the salience of informational versus controlling aspects of praise.The theory that informational praise enhances self-determination over controlling praise has been supported by several empirical studies.In a metanalysis including five studies distinguishing informational from controlling praise, Deci, Koestner & Ryan found that informational-based praise related to greater intrinsic motivation (as measured by free-choice behavior and self-reported interest) while controlling praise was associated with less intrinsic motivation.